DNA typing of ancient parasite eggs from environmental samples identifies human and animal worm infections in Viking-age settlement.
Identifieur interne : 000163 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000162; suivant : 000164DNA typing of ancient parasite eggs from environmental samples identifies human and animal worm infections in Viking-age settlement.
Auteurs : Martin Jensen S E [Danemark] ; Peter Nejsum ; Brian Lund Fredensborg ; Christian Moliin Outzen KapelSource :
- The Journal of parasitology [ 1937-2345 ] ; 2015.
Descripteurs français
- Wicri :
- geographic : Danemark.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Animals, Ascariasis (history), Ascaris (classification), Ascaris (genetics), Ascaris (isolation & purification), Cattle, Cattle Diseases (history), Cattle Diseases (parasitology), DNA Fingerprinting, Denmark, Fasciola hepatica (classification), Fasciola hepatica (genetics), Fasciola hepatica (isolation & purification), Fascioliasis (history), History, Medieval, Humans, Molecular Sequence Data, Ovum (classification), Paleopathology, Sheep, Sheep Diseases (history), Sheep Diseases (parasitology), Trichuriasis (history), Trichuris (classification), Trichuris (genetics), Trichuris (isolation & purification).
- MESH :
- geographic : Denmark.
- classification : Ascaris, Fasciola hepatica, Ovum, Trichuris.
- genetics : Ascaris, Fasciola hepatica, Trichuris.
- history : Ascariasis, Cattle Diseases, Fascioliasis, Sheep Diseases, Trichuriasis.
- isolation & purification : Ascaris, Fasciola hepatica, Trichuris.
- parasitology : Cattle Diseases, Sheep Diseases.
- Animals, Cattle, DNA Fingerprinting, History, Medieval, Humans, Molecular Sequence Data, Paleopathology, Sheep.
Abstract
Ancient parasite eggs were recovered from environmental samples collected at a Viking-age settlement in Viborg, Denmark, dated 1018-1030 A.D. Morphological examination identified Ascaris sp., Trichuris sp., and Fasciola sp. eggs, but size and shape did not allow species identification. By carefully selecting genetic markers, PCR amplification and sequencing of ancient DNA (aDNA) isolates resulted in identification of: the human whipworm, Trichuris trichiura , using SSUrRNA sequence homology; Ascaris sp. with 100% homology to cox1 haplotype 07; and Fasciola hepatica using ITS1 sequence homology. The identification of T. trichiura eggs indicates that human fecal material is present and, hence, that the Ascaris sp. haplotype 07 was most likely a human variant in Viking-age Denmark. The location of the F. hepatica finding suggests that sheep or cattle are the most likely hosts. Further, we sequenced the Ascaris sp. 18S rRNA gene in recent isolates from humans and pigs of global distribution and show that this is not a suited marker for species-specific identification. Finally, we discuss ancient parasitism in Denmark and the implementation of aDNA analysis methods in paleoparasitological studies. We argue that when employing species-specific identification, soil samples offer excellent opportunities for studies of human parasite infections and of human and animal interactions of the past.
DOI: 10.1645/14-650.1
PubMed: 25357228
Affiliations:
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Le document en format XML
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Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 2-70, 3rd Floor, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-1871 Frederiksberg C</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nejsum, Peter" sort="Nejsum, Peter" uniqKey="Nejsum P" first="Peter" last="Nejsum">Peter Nejsum</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fredensborg, Brian Lund" sort="Fredensborg, Brian Lund" uniqKey="Fredensborg B" first="Brian Lund" last="Fredensborg">Brian Lund Fredensborg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kapel, Christian Moliin Outzen" sort="Kapel, Christian Moliin Outzen" uniqKey="Kapel C" first="Christian Moliin Outzen" last="Kapel">Christian Moliin Outzen Kapel</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">The Journal of parasitology</title><idno type="eISSN">1937-2345</idno><imprint><date when="2015" type="published">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" 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xml:lang="en"><term>Denmark</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="classification" xml:lang="en"><term>Ascaris</term><term>Fasciola hepatica</term><term>Ovum</term><term>Trichuris</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Ascaris</term><term>Fasciola hepatica</term><term>Trichuris</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="history" xml:lang="en"><term>Ascariasis</term><term>Cattle Diseases</term><term>Fascioliasis</term><term>Sheep Diseases</term><term>Trichuriasis</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolation & purification" xml:lang="en"><term>Ascaris</term><term>Fasciola hepatica</term><term>Trichuris</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="parasitology" xml:lang="en"><term>Cattle Diseases</term><term>Sheep Diseases</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Cattle</term><term>DNA Fingerprinting</term><term>History, Medieval</term><term>Humans</term><term>Molecular Sequence Data</term><term>Paleopathology</term><term>Sheep</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Danemark</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Ancient parasite eggs were recovered from environmental samples collected at a Viking-age settlement in Viborg, Denmark, dated 1018-1030 A.D. Morphological examination identified Ascaris sp., Trichuris sp., and Fasciola sp. eggs, but size and shape did not allow species identification. By carefully selecting genetic markers, PCR amplification and sequencing of ancient DNA (aDNA) isolates resulted in identification of: the human whipworm, Trichuris trichiura , using SSUrRNA sequence homology; Ascaris sp. with 100% homology to cox1 haplotype 07; and Fasciola hepatica using ITS1 sequence homology. The identification of T. trichiura eggs indicates that human fecal material is present and, hence, that the Ascaris sp. haplotype 07 was most likely a human variant in Viking-age Denmark. The location of the F. hepatica finding suggests that sheep or cattle are the most likely hosts. Further, we sequenced the Ascaris sp. 18S rRNA gene in recent isolates from humans and pigs of global distribution and show that this is not a suited marker for species-specific identification. Finally, we discuss ancient parasitism in Denmark and the implementation of aDNA analysis methods in paleoparasitological studies. We argue that when employing species-specific identification, soil samples offer excellent opportunities for studies of human parasite infections and of human and animal interactions of the past.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Danemark</li></country></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Fredensborg, Brian Lund" sort="Fredensborg, Brian Lund" uniqKey="Fredensborg B" first="Brian Lund" last="Fredensborg">Brian Lund Fredensborg</name><name sortKey="Kapel, Christian Moliin Outzen" sort="Kapel, Christian Moliin Outzen" uniqKey="Kapel C" first="Christian Moliin Outzen" last="Kapel">Christian Moliin Outzen Kapel</name><name sortKey="Nejsum, Peter" sort="Nejsum, Peter" uniqKey="Nejsum P" first="Peter" last="Nejsum">Peter Nejsum</name></noCountry><country name="Danemark"><noRegion><name sortKey="S E, Martin Jensen" sort="S E, Martin Jensen" uniqKey="S E M" first="Martin Jensen" last="S E">Martin Jensen S E</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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